IBM to use Samsung 7nm EUV for Next-Gen POWER and z CPUs
by Anton Shilov on December 21, 2018 11:30 AM EST- Posted in
- CPUs
- IBM
- POWER
- Semiconductors
- EUV
- 7nm
- Samsung Foundry
- IBM Z
IBM has announced it has signed an agreement with Samsung Foundry to produce its next-generation processors. This includes processors for IBM Power Systems, IBM z, and LinuxONE systems, all using Samsung’s 7 nm fabrication process that uses extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The decision comes as no surprise as GlobalFoundries, IBM’s manufacturing partner for CPUs, decided to abandon development of 7 nm and more advanced technologies. IBM and Globalfroundies manufacturing agreement, whereby fabs, IP, and $$ were given to GlobalFoundries to make IBM's CPUs, ends this month.
IBM and Samsung have collaborated for 15 years researching and developing various semiconductor production materials and technologies as part of IBM’s Research Alliance. Considering the fact that Samsung’s and GlobalFoundries’ fabrication processes rely on R&D conducted internally and as part of IBM’s Research Alliance, IBM developers know what to expect from these technologies. IBM said that under the current agreement, the two companies will expand and extend the strategic partnership, but did not elaborate whether this means development of a custom version of Samsung’s 7LPP manufacturing process for IBM. At present, the companies call the tech to be used for IBM’s chips as “7 nm EUV”.
IBM has traditionally used custom manufacturing processes to build its IBM POWER processors for servers and IBM z CPUs for mission-critical mainframes. IBM’s chips combine a high core count and complexity with very high frequencies, which is why the company required highly-custom process technologies that relied on SOI wafers, featured an increased amount of metal layers, a reduced transistor density, and other adjustments. Typically, technologies fine-tuned for IBM CPUs by IBM Microelectronics and then GlobalFoundries were only used for these products (partly because of IP and partly because of costs).
The two companies also did not disclose what exactly Samsung Foundry will produce for IBM. Based on IBM’s current roadmap for POWER processors, its 2019 CPUs will be made by GlobalFoundries using a custom 14 nm fabrication process. Meanwhile, the company’s next-gen POWER10 products set to hit the market in 2020 or later will allegedly use a different manufacturing tech. Meanwhile, IBM’s next-gen z15 processors for IBM Z mainframes, which are not introduced on a per-annum cadence, will most likely be fabbed by Samsung.
Samsung Foundry recently started to use its 7LPP manufacturing tech for high-volume production of undisclosed chips. This fabrication process uses EUVL tools for select layers only in a bid to reduce cycle times.
Related Reading
- GlobalFoundries Weds FinFET and SOI in 14HP Process Tech for IBM z14 CPUs
- Hot Chips: IBM's Next Generation z14 CPU Mainframe Live Blog (5pm PT, 12am UTC)
- Assessing IBM's POWER8, Part 2: Server Applications on OpenPOWER
- GlobalFoundries Stops All 7nm Development: Opts To Focus on Specialized Processes
- Samsung Starts Mass Production of Chips Using Its 7nm EUV Process Tech
Sources: IBM, Samsung
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jeremyshaw - Friday, July 3, 2020 - link
Looking back a year and a half later, we now know what it cost IBM: nearly everything. They embarrassingly lost all three of the exaflop supercomputer bids, even after submitting extra bids without Nvidia (or anyone else; who even thought that was a good idea? A non-accelerator POWER9 server is a laughably poor concept for something that is supposed to scale while consuming less power than a small city). IBM's backhanded desperation move probably convinced Nvidia to promote Arm to their main "non x86" platform, largely supplanting POWER. Nvidia isn't even a Platinum (top tier) OpenPOWER member, anymore, sliding down to the lowest tier (Mellanox, before acquisition, was Gold level - second tier). Nvidia was one of the few co-founders of OpenPOWER, alongside IBM and formerly held a top tier Platinum spot.I think it's pretty clear, now. IBM's short term cost cutting measure has lost them their fabs, future supercomputer contracts (relevancy, as well), and their core partners. Who's left at the high level in OpenPOWER? A russian company, great. They also have Inspur. Well, recent news isn't rosy for that partner, either. Not to mention, IBM historically partnered with Lenovo for HW (another absence noted). Finally, Google, who has their own ambitions and has largely avoided using POWER ISA. I wonder if Google keeps paying the membership fee, since it is barely a rounding error for them and it garners them a bit more insight into IBM's supercomputer program. The next tier is even sadder. Lost two (Mellanox and Wistron), leaving just Hitachi, who has been out of relevance (in the HPC market) for a while.
IBM, in one boneheaded move, has managed to further sink their hardware into irrelevancy. Many (though not all) of the fancy services IBM runs depended on their big iron staying relevant. While they still make money nowadays, their moves are merely completing their slow drive into the abyss of giants past. Maybe I'm being melodramatic. But without the gateway (and anchor) of IBM hardware, the competitive market for services (what IBM is shifting to) is much harsher. Why buy Oracle Cloud if you aren't locked in via the tangled mess of Peoplesoft? Why buy IBM services if you aren't locked in to their Z/POWER servers? IBM would have to wholly reinvent themselves, and they haven't shown any inkling of that happening.